SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>John Stringfellow</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Stringfellow</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the physician and politician in Kansas, see <a href="John_H._Stringfellow" title="John H. Stringfellow">John H. Stringfellow</a>.</div>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Stringfellow</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">19th century tin-plate photograph</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1799<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Attercliffe" title="Attercliffe">Attercliffe</a>, <a href="Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 December 1883 (aged 84)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Chard%2C_Somerset" title="Chard, Somerset">Chard, Somerset</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Aerial_Steam_Carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial Steam Carriage">Aerial Steam Carriage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-inline{display:inline}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Hannah Ketch</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="27 February 1827">1827</span>)<wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4 daughters, 6 sons</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>John Stringfellow</b> (1799 – 13 December 1883) was a British early aeronautical inventor, known for his work on the <a href="Aerial_steam_carriage" title="Aerial steam carriage">aerial steam carriage</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="William_Samuel_Henson" title="William Samuel Henson">William Samuel Henson</a>.

</p>

<p>Stringfellow was born in <a href="Attercliffe" title="Attercliffe">Attercliffe</a>, England to Martha [née Gillan] and William Stringfellow, stone mason. Initially apprenticed to the lace making trade in <a href="Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, c.1820 he relocated to <a href="Chard%2C_Somerset" title="Chard, Somerset">Chard</a>, <a href="Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> to work as an engineer of <a href="Bobbin" title="Bobbin">bobbins</a> and carriages for the <a href="Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> industry, becoming so successful that he started his own company. On 27 February 1827 he married Hannah Keetch.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had 10 children, including a son who died in infancy and a daughter, Laura, who had <a href="Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a> and died age 29.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Together with William Samuel Henson, he had ambitions of creating an international company, the Aerial Transit Company, with designs showing aeroplane travel to exotic locations like <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial designs were flawed, with Stringfellow's ideas centred on <a href="Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> and <a href="Triplane" title="Triplane">triplane</a> models and Henson's ideas centred on an underpowered <a href="Steam-powered" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam-powered">steam-powered</a> vehicle, however In 1848 Stringfellow achieved the first ever powered flight using an unmanned 10 ft <a href="Wingspan" title="Wingspan">wingspan</a> steam-powered monoplane, built in a disused lace factory in Chard, Somerset.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Employing two <a href="Contra-rotating" title="Contra-rotating">contra-rotating</a> <a href="Propellers" class="mw-redirect" title="Propellers">propellers</a> on the first attempt, made indoors, the machine flew ten feet before becoming destabilised, damaging the craft. The second attempt was more successful, the machine leaving a guide wire to fly freely, achieving some thirty yards of straight and level powered flight.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

A <a href="Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> model of that first primitive aircraft stands in <a href="Fore_Street%2C_Chard" title="Fore Street, Chard">Fore Street</a> in Chard. The <a href="Chard_Museum" title="Chard Museum">town's museum</a> has a unique exhibition of flight before the advent of the <a href="Internal_combustion" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal combustion">internal combustion</a> engine and before the manned, powered flight made famous by the <a href="Wright_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Brothers">Wright Brothers</a>. Stringfellow also invented and patented compact <a href="Electric_batteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric batteries">electric batteries</a>, which were used in early <a href="Medical_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical treatment">medical treatment</a>. Stringfellow's work was featured in an exhibition in 1868 at <a href="The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a> in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>.

</p><p>Stringfellow was also a member of the South West Photographic Society and gave lectures about his inventions with photographs as illustration and proof of his pioneering aviation work. A keen <a href="Photographer" title="Photographer">photographer</a> in his spare time, Stringfellow had begun learning the new art / science in the late 1850s, being among the first to produce a <a href="Wet-transfer_film_gate" title="Wet-transfer film gate">wet print</a> of an <a href="Image" title="Image">image</a> and quickly becoming proficient enough to advertise as a professional portrait photographer at his studio near the family home in Chard High Street. The <a href="Photographic_studio" title="Photographic studio">studios</a> in Chard and in <a href="Crewkerne" title="Crewkerne">Crewkerne</a> are where some of his flying vehicle machines were photographed. The 1871 census of England and Wales lists his occupation as "Machinist & Photographer".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It is recorded that Stringfellow met Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Marconi at regular South West Engineering Institution and Royal Society events, enjoying great debates over the science and engineering principles of the day with his fellow engineers. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and used his prize money to build a larger workspace for continuing his experiments. However, at nearly 70 years, his sight was beginning to fail and he was unable to make further progress.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1881 census status is "Retired Mechanician Inventor of Flying Machines".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>John Stringfellow died in 1883 at the age of 84 and was buried in Chard Cemetery, Somerset, where there is a commemorative family monument.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Stringfellow's first powered flight achievement was referenced in the 1965 film <i><a href="The_Flight_of_the_Phoenix_(1965_film)" title="The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)">The Flight of the Phoenix</a></i>. The character Heinrich Dorfmann (<a href="Hardy_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Hardy Krüger">Hardy Krüger</a>), a <a href="Germans" title="Germans">German</a> aeroplane designer, explains that it was a <a href="Model_aeroplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Model aeroplane">model aeroplane</a> that made the first powered flight in 1851 and though his own experience with aeroplane design is with building models, the principles are the same. His design for an aeroplane to be built from the scraps of their crashed plane will fly them out of the desert to safety.

</p><p>Stringfellow and Henson are honoured by the <a href="Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a> with an annual lecture and dinner in Yeovil<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Aviation_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation history">Aviation history</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederick_Brearey" title="Frederick Brearey">Frederick Brearey</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Cayley" title="George Cayley">George Cayley</a>, aviation pioneer</li>

<li><a href="John_Chapman_(engineer)" title="John Chapman (engineer)">John Chapman</a>, engineer</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aerosocietyheritage.com/collections/hensons-arial-steam-carriage-specification/">"Royal Aeronautical Society | Heritage | WS Henson's 'Aerial Steam Carriage': Specification (1842-1843)"</a>. <i>aerosocietyheritage.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/hannah-stringfellow-nee-keetch-18071888-wife-of-the-pioneer-aeronaut-39734">"Hannah Stringfellow, née Keetch (1807–1888), Wife of the Pioneer Aeronaut | Art UK"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/John_Stringfellow">"John Stringfellow"</a>. <i>Graces Guide</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chardmuseum.co.uk/john-stringfellow">"John Stringfellow"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/755803">"Geograph:: Stringfellow Gallery, Chard © Derek Harper"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmachines.org/strng.html">"FLYING MACHINES - John Stringfellow"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParramore2003" class="citation book cs1">Parramore, Thomas C. (1 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrpb67qFXUIC&dq=1857+Temple+flight&pg=PT63"><i>First to Fly: North Carolina and the Beginnings of Aviation</i></a>. UNC Press Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780807854709</bdi> – via Google Books.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1591057.stm">"High hopes for replica plane"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 October 2001.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VFJ2-ZG4">"England and Wales Census, 1871"</a>. <i>FamilySearch.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q276-WTCF">"England and Wales Census, 1881"</a>. <i>FamilySearch.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1297091" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1297091?section=official-list-entry">"STRINGFELLOW MONUMENT, APPROXIMATELY 65 METRES WEST OF CEMETERY MORTUARY CHAPELS, Chard Town (1297091)"</a>. <i><a href="National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mylearning.org/stories/inventors-and-inventions-from-yorkshire/301">"John Stringfellow and Powered Flight • Inventors and Inventions from Yorkshire • MyLearning"</a>. <i>www.mylearning.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetraveltrunk.net/john-stringfellow-from-chard-an-aviation-first/">"John Stringfellow Should be Alongside Wright Brothers"</a>. 18 June 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Royal_Aeronautical_Society#Henson_&_Stringfellow_Lecture_and_Dinner" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society#Henson & Stringfellow Lecture and Dinner</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li>Harald Penrose, <i>An Ancient Air: A Biography of John Stringfellow of Chard, The Victorian Aeronautical Pioneer</i> (Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing, Ltd., 1988), 183p., illus. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-85310-047-1</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1591057.stm">BBC: John Stringfellow</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/stringfellow.html">Hargrave: John Stringfellow</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517072803/http://www.chardmuseum.co.uk/">Chard Museum</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmachines.org/strng.html">Flying Machines: John Stringfellow</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1062" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1062" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027325260">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59882770">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/135943">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgmQBCtRBH3d6jMRmc3wC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118908367">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83314853">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6486m7p">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/d4c2ad33-8777-46e0-9d35-0d2d957fa9b4">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-04-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=John_Stringfellow&oldid=1218513821">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>